TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TPA2006D1 1.45-W MONO FILTER-FREE CLASS-D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH 1.8-V COMPATIBLE INPUT THRESHOLDS Data Sheet
Contents
1. INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE NOISE NOISE vs vs vs FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FREQUENCY s 10 F 10 8 10 A Von 5V A Vpp 3 6 V Po 0 25W 2 Vpp 2 5 V Po 0 2W 3 RL 8Q Po 0 25 W 8 R 8Q 8 R 82 W Dan S Po 0 125 W S S ARR 5 SE S Po 0 015 W E 1 E S 2 2 2 E 2 2 a Q a 2 2 o 2 o e o o i E E Po 0 5W E zo Fost f f N 3 S 3 Po 0 075 W e 0 01 0 01 z z z Q 0 01 Q 0 001 Q 0 001 E 20 100 1k 10k 20k E 20 100 1k 10k 20k E 20 100 1k 10k 20k f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs vs vs COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE FREQUENCY FREQUENCY 2 10 20 2 s ac grounded a Inputs floating 3 w sai D n H 2 5 s z E E c 5 z S 2 S 3 e 1 2 ZS 601H Vpp 5V 5 a a x A T gt S Vpp 3 6 V 3 n rt J a Von 2 5 V a oi 90 E 005 1152 25 3 35 445 5 20 100 1 10k 20k 20 100 1k 10k 20k Vic Common Mode Input Voltage V f Frequency Hz f Frequency Hz Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 GSM POWER SUPPLY REJECTION GSM POWER SUPPLY REJECTION vs vs TIME FREQUENCY gt S 1 C1 High S von 3 6V 200 mV div C2. INSTRUMENTS www ti com SUPPLY CURRENT vs OUTPUT POWER 300 250 200 150 Mon 5V R 8 O 33 pH 100 Von 3 6 V 50 R 8 Q 33 pH Von 2 5 V R 8 Q 33 pH 0 02 04 06 08 1 1 2 Po Output Power W Figure 3 OUTPUT POWER vs LOAD RESISTANCE f 1 kHz THD N 10 Gain 2 V V R Load Resistance Q Figure 6 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION NOISE vs OUTPUT POWER 20 KEE tof f 1 kHz 5V 3 6 V 2 5 V 1 0 1 0 001 0 01 0 1k 1k 10k Power Output W Figure 9 d Texas TPA2006D1
3. IN IN Input Startup SHUTDOWN Buffer Protection Biases Ram Ag i and H Logic l GND References Generato y Kee DI Notes l 150 kQ Total gain 2x R 4 Submit Documentation Feedback d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS TABLE OF GRAPHS FIGURE Efficiency vs Output power 1 Pp Power dissipation vs Output power 2 Supply current vs Output power 3 la Quiescent current vs Supply voltage 4 len Shutdown current vs Shutdown voltage 5 vs Supply voltage 8 Po Output power FEN g vs Load resistance 6 7 vs Output power 9 THD N Total harmonic distortion plus noise vs Frequency 10 11 12 vs Common mode input voltage 13 Raup Supply ripple rejection ratio vs Frequency 14 15 Pare vs Time 16 GSM power supply rejection vs Frequency 17 Raup Supply ripple rejection ratio vs Common mode input voltage 18 D vs Frequency 19 CMRR Common mode rejection ratio vs Common mode input voltage 20 TEST SET UP FOR GRAPHS Ci TPA2006D1 30 kHz C Low Pass Measurement Filter Input Measurement Output A Cis shorted for any common mode input voltage measurement D A 33 uH inductor is placed in series with the load resistor to emulate a small speaker for efficiency measurements C The 30 kHz low pass filter is required even if the analyzer has an internal low pass filter An R
4. 10 f 1 kHz R 8 Q Vpp 3 6 V 0 73 W Vpp 2 5 V 0 33 Po Output power Vpp BN 1 19 THD N 1 f 1 kHz R 82Q Vbo 3 6 V 0 59 W Vbo 2 5 V 0 26 Von 5 V Po 1 W R 8 Q f 1 kHz 0 19 THD N Total harmonic distortion plus Tue 3 6 V Po 0 5 W Ri 8 9 f 1 kHz 0 19 Vpp 2 5 V Po 200 mW R 8 9 f 1 kHz 0 20 bon Supply ripple rejection ratio VOD eer cae ac grounded Vea 200 67 dB mVpp SNR Signal to noise ratio Vpp 5 V Po 1 W R 8 Q A weighted 97 dB Vh Output voltage noise Ke SC Ge ae eae an uVams CMRR Common mode rejection ratio Vpp 3 6 V Vic 1 Vpp f 217 Hz 63 dB Zi Input impedance 142 150 158 kQ Start up time from shutdown Vpp 3 6 V 1 ms Submit Documentation Feedback 3 TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Terminal Functions TERMINAL UO DESCRIPTION NAME DRB IN 4 l Negative differential input IN 3 Positive differential input Von 6 l Power supply Vox 5 O Positive BTL output GND 7 O High current ground Vo 8 O Negative BTL output SHUTDOWN 1 l Shutdown terminal active low logic NC 2 No Connect not connected internal to the device May be left unconnected Thermal Pad O Should be soldered to a grounded thermal pad on PCB for best thermal performance FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
5. TI is not responsible or liable for such altered documentation Information of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements TI products are not authorized for use in safety critical applications such as life support where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal regulatory and safety related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety critical applications notwithstanding any applications related information or support that may be provided by TI Further Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety critical applications TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically de
6. 1 Cis gt 12 2x 150kQ 20Hz 9 Du 8 e ES EE EE frei Bu To Battery pu Internal te Ce Oscillator Cs Single Ended R2 yy Input 2 Riz IN Da Z GND L SHUTDOWN Filter Free Class D ee Ee 4 Figure 25 Application Schematic With TPA2006D1 Summing Differential Input and Single Ended Input Signals Submit Documentation Feedback 13 TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Summing Two Single Ended Input Signals Four resistors and three capacitors are needed for summing single ended input signals The gain and corner frequencies f and Lal for each input source can be set independently see Equation 11 through Equation 14 and Figure 26 Resistor Rp and capacitor Cp are needed on the IN terminal to match the impedance on the IN terminal The single ended inputs must be driven by low impedance sources even if one of the inputs is not outputting an ac signal V Gain 1 H 2x150 kQ E Internal Oscillator l1 Du v eg V Gain 2 z2 2x150 kQ 12 12 12 1 C l 2x Riy fot 13 1 G 12 2x Rie fo2 14 Cp Cy C2 15 goo ee Ri S Rio 16 Cig ee a Single Ended H Ry 1 Input 1 y To Battery DD Cs Cia Single Ended Riz Input 2 Rp Cp SHUTDOWN Figure 26 Application Schematic With TPA2006D1 Summing
7. 85 C PACKAGE DEBATING FACTOR POWER RATING POWER RATING POWER RATING DRB 21 8 mW C 2 7 W 17W 14W 1 Derating factor measure with High K board 2 Submit Documentation Feedback d TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS T 25 C unless otherwise noted TPA2006D1 SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT IVosl eee Vi 0 V Ay 2 VN Vpp 2 5 V to 5 5 V 25 mv PSRR Power supply rejection ratio Vpp 2 5 V to 5 5 V 75 55 dB CMRR Common mode rejection ratio KE ka EE Vop 2 to 0 5 V 68 49 dB ur High level input current Vpp 5 5 V V 5 8 V 100 pA llil Low level input current Vpp 5 5 V Vi 0 3 V Pl pA Vpp 5 5 V no load 3 4 4 9 la Quiescent current Vpp 3 6 V no load 2 8 mA Vpp 2 5 V no load 2 2 3 2 len Shutdown current VGAUTDOWN 9 35 V Vpp 2 5 V to 5 5 V 0 5 2 uA Saa Von 2 5 V 770 Deg ENN on state Von 3 6 V 590 ae Vpp 5 5 V 500 Output impedance in SHUTDOWN V SHUTDOWN 0 35 V gt 1 kQ fisw Switching frequency Vbo 2 5 V to 5 5 V 200 250 300 kHz Gain Vbp 2 5 V to 5 5 V 285kQ 300kQ 315kQ V Ri Ri P V Resistance from shutdown to GND 300 kQ OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS T 25 C Gain 2 V V R 8 Q unless otherwise noted PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNIT Vpp BN 1 45 THD N
8. control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty Except where mandated by government requirements testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards TI does not warrant or represent that any license either express or implied is granted under any TI patent right copyright mask work right or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination machine or process in which TI products or services are used Information published by TI regarding third party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties conditions limitations and notices Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice
9. liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the TI part s at issue in this document sold by TI to Customer on an annual basis Addendum Page 1 Kis Texas PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION INSTRUMENTS www ti com 11 Mar 2008 TAPE AND REEL INFORMATION REEL DIMENSIONS TAPE DIMENSIONS A Heel Diameter Dimension designed to accommodate the component width Dimension designed to accommodate the component length Dimension designed to accommodate the component thickness y Overall width of the carrier tape A Pitch between successive cavity centers t Reel Width W1 QUADRANT ASSIGNMENTS FOR PIN 1 ORIENTATION IN TAPE Sprocket Holes User Direction of Feed All dimensions are nominal Device Package Package Pins SPQ Reel Reel AO mm BO mm KO mm P1 W Pin1 Type Drawing Diameter Width mm mm Quadrant mm W1 mm TPA2006D1DRBR SON DRB 8 3000 330 0 12 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 8 0 12 0 Q2 TPA2006D1DRBT SON DRB 8 250 180 0 12 4 3 3 3 3 1 1 8 0 12 0 Q2 Pack Materials Page 1 Ki Texas PACKAGE MATERIALS INFORMATION INSTRUMENTS www ti com 11 Mar 2008 TAPE AND REEL BOX DIMENSIONS All dimensions are nominal Device Package Type Package Drawing Pins SPQ Length mm Width mm Height mm TPA2006D1DRBR SON DRB 8 3000 346 0 346 0 29 0 TPA2006D1DRBT SON DRB 8 250 190 5 212 7 31 8 Pack Materials Page 2 MECHANICA
10. www ti com Iprf Video amp Imaging www ti com video Wireless www ti com wireless Mailing Address Texas Instruments Post Office Box 655303 Dallas Texas 75265 Copyright 2008 Texas Instruments Incorporated
11. 1 Amp 512 mV 2 Q gt a S Shown in Figure 22 ba 208 2 S Inputs ac grounded gt S Gain 2V V Vout Z 20 mV div S sl Kl 1 2 i 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 t Time 2 ms div t Frequency Hz Figure 16 Figure 17 Submit Documentation Feedback 7 TPA2006D1 SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Sopply Ripple Rejection Ratio dB SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION RATIO vs DC COMMON MODE VOLTAGE 005 115 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 DC Common Mode Voltage V Figure 18 CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio dB COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO vs FREQUENCY 50TT Tm T TTI Vic 200 mVpp D 8Q Gain 2 V V 55 60 Vpp 3 6 65 70 75 20 100 1k 0k20k f Frequency Hz Figure 19 Submit Documentation Feedback CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio dB da TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO vs COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE Vic Common Mode Input Voltage V Figure 20 d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 APPLICATION INFORMATION FULLY DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER The TPA2006D1 is a fully differential amplifier with differential inputs and outputs The fully differential amplifier consists of a differential amplifier and a common mode amplifier The differential amplifier ensures th
12. 1 tolerance resistors or better to keep the performance optimized Matching is more important than overall tolerance Resistor arrays with 1 matching can be used with a tolerance greater than 1 Place the input resistors very close to the TPA2006D1 to limit noise injection on the high impedance nodes For optimal performance the gain should be set to 2 V V or lower Lower gain allows the TPA2006D1 to operate at its best and keeps a high voltage at the input making the inputs less susceptible to noise Decoupling Capacitor Cs The TPA2006D1 is a high performance class D audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure the efficiency is high and total harmonic distortion THD is low For higher frequency transients spikes or digital hash on the line a good low equivalent series resistance ESR ceramic capacitor typically 1 uF placed as close as possible to the device Von lead works best Placing this decoupling capacitor close to the TPA2006D1 is very important for the efficiency of the class D amplifier because any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency For filtering lower frequency noise signals a 10 uF or greater capacitor placed near the audio power amplifier would also help but it is not required in most applications because of the high PSRR of this device Input Capacitors C The TPA2006D1 does not require input coupling capacitors if t
13. C low pass filter 100 Q 47 nF is used on each output for the data sheet graphs Submit Documentation Feedback 5 TPA2006D1 SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Efficiency Jo Quiescent Current mA Po Output Power W EFFICIENCY VS OUTPUT POWER 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 Po Output Power W Figure 1 QUIESCENT CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1 2 R 8 9 33 uH 2 5 3 35 4 4 5 5 Vpp Supply Voltage V Figure 4 OUTPUT POWER VS LOAD RESISTANCE f 1kHz THD N 1 Gain 2 V V 5 5 R Load Resistance Q Figure 7 l SD Shutdown Current p A Pp Power Dissipation W Po Output Power W POWER DISSIPATION VS OUTPUT POWER Class AB Von 5 V R 8 Q em ee e R 8 Q 33 uH Von EN R 8 9 33 uH 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 1 2 Po Output Power W Figure 2 SUPPLY CURRENT vs SHUTDOWN VOLTAGE 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 04 05 Shutdown Voltage V Figure 5 OUTPUT POWER vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE 1 6 R 8Q 147 rus Gain 2 V V 12 1 THD N 10 0 8 0 6 THD N 1 0 4 0 2 0 2 5 3 3 5 4 4 5 5 Vpp Supply Voltage V Figure 8 Submit Documentation Feedback Supply Current mA Po Output Power W THD N Total Harmonic Distortion Noise da TEXAS
14. D1 ideal for PDA applications In cellular handsets the earpiece speaker phone and melody ringer can each be driven by the TPA2006D1 The TPA2006D1 allows independent gain while summing signals from separate sources and has a low 36 uV noise floor A weighted APPLICATION CIRCUIT H Differential Bridge Input SHUTDOWN 8 PIN QFN DRB PACKAGE TOP VIEW rT O n SHUTDOWN D CB Vo Su nc D GND IN 3 C6 Vpp IN D G Vo NC No internal connection Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet A Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability standard warranty and use in critical applications of Texas PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters Copyright 2006 Texas Instruments Incorporated TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 A These devices have limited built in ESD protection The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam Ar ad during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates ORDERING INFORMATION Ta PACKAGE PART NUMBER SYMBOL 40 C to 85 C 8 pin QFN DRB TPA2006D1DRB BTQ 1 For the most c
15. ENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Ir To Batter Internal Von l e d Oscillator Cs e Gi l o e Differential Senf Input R IN H cnp L SHUTDOWN alle TPA2006D1 Filter Free Class D Ee l C Differential Input C SHUTDOWN TPA2006D1 Filter Free Class D Single ended Input ee SHUTDOWN TPA2006D1 Filter Free Class D be Figure 23 TPA2006D1 Application Schematic With Single Ended Input Submit Documentation Feedback 11 TPA2006D1 d TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 SUMMING INPUT SIGNALS WITH THE TPA2006D1 Most wireless phones or PDAs need to sum signals at the audio power amplifier or just have two signal sources that need separate gain The TPA2006D1 makes it easy to sum signals or use separate signal sources with different gains Many phones now use the same speaker for the earpiece and ringer where the wireless phone would require a much lower gain for the phone earpiece than for the ringer PDAs and phones that have stereo headphones require summing of the right and left channels to output the stereo signal to the mono speaker Summing Two Differential Input Signals Two extra resistors are needed for summing differential signals a total of 5 components The gain for each input source can be set independently see Equation 4 and Equation 5 and Figure 24 V Ga
16. L DATA DRB S PDSO N8 PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE PIN 1 INDEX AREA TOP AND BOTTOM 0 20 REF SEATING PLANE EXPOSED THERMAL PAD ZA EXPOSED METALIZED FEATURE 4x Bottom View 4203482 G 11 04 NOTES A All linear dimensions are in millimeters Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14 5M 1994 B This drawing is subject to change without notice C Small Outline No Lead SON package configuration The package thermal pad must be soldered to the board for thermal and mechanical performance See the Product Data Sheet for details regarding the exposed thermal pad dimensions A Metalized features are supplier options and may not be on the package d TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com W Texas THERMAL PAD MECHANICAL DATA INSTRUMENTS www ti com DRB 5 VSON N8 THERMAL INFORMATION This package incorporates an exposed thermal pad that is designed to be attached directly to an external heatsink The thermal pad must be soldered directly to the printed circuit board PCB After soldering the PCB can be used as a heatsink In addition through the use of thermal vias the thermal pad can be attached directly to the appropriate copper plane shown in the electrical schematic for the device or alternatively can be attached to a special heatsink structure designed into the PCB This design optimizes the heat transfer from the ntegrated c
17. PC 7351 is recommended for alternate designs D This package is designed to be soldered to a thermal pad on the board Refer to Application Note QFN Packages Texas Instruments Literature No SCBA017 SLUA271 and also the Product Data Sheets for specific thermal information via requirements and recommended board layout These documents are available at www ti com lt http www ticom gt E Laser cutting apertures with trapezoidal walls and also rounding corners will offer better paste release Customers should contact their board assembly site for stencil design recommendations Refer to IPC 7525 for stencil design considerations F Customers should contact their board fabrication site for solder mask tolerances d TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries Tl reserve the right to make corrections modifications enhancements improvements and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete All products are sold subject to Tl s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with Tl s standard warranty Testing and other quality
18. R 2006 When to Use an Output Filter Design the TPA2006D1 without an output filter if the traces from amplifier to speaker are short The TPA2006D1 passed FCC and CE radiated emissions with no shielding with speaker trace wires 100 mm long or less Wireless handsets and PDAs are great applications for class D without a filter A ferrite bead filter can often be used if the design is failing radiated emissions without an LC filter and the frequency sensitive circuit is greater than 1 MHz This is good for circuits that just have to pass FCC and CE because FCC and CE only test radiated emissions greater than 30 MHz If choosing a ferrite bead choose one with high impedance at high frequencies but very low impedance at low frequencies Use an LC output filter if there are low frequency lt 1 MHz EMI sensitive circuits and or there are long leads from amplifier to speaker Figure 29 and Figure 30 show typical ferrite bead and LC output filters Ferrite Chip Bead Ferrite Chip Bead 33 uH o o Ou LI out Su 33 uH y K o TI 01pF Figure 30 Typical LC Output Filter Cutoff Frequency of 27 kHz 18 Submit Documentation Feedback K Texas PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM INSTRUMENTS www ti com 2 Oct 2006 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status Package Package Pins Package Eco Plan Lead Ball Finish MSL Peak Temp DI Type Drawing Qty TPA2006D1DRBR ACTIVE SON DRB 8 3000 Green RoH
19. S amp CU NIPDAU Level 2 260C 1 YEAR no Sb Br TPA2006D1DRBRG4 ACTIVE SON DRB 8 3000 Green RoHS amp CU NIPDAU Level 2 260C 1 YEAR no Sb Br TPA2006D1DRBT ACTIVE SON DRB 8 250 Green RoHS a CU NIPDAU Level 2 260C 1 YEAR no Sb Br TPA2006D1DRBTG4 ACTIVE SON DRB 8 250 Green RoHS a CU NIPDAU Level 2 260C 1 YEAR no Sb Br The marketing status values are defined as follows ACTIVE Product device recommended for new designs LIFEBUY TI has announced that the device will be discontinued and a lifetime buy period is in effect NRND Not recommended for new designs Device is in production to support existing customers but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design PREVIEW Device has been announced but is not in production Samples may or may not be available OBSOLETE TI has discontinued the production of the device 2 Eco Plan The planned eco friendly classification Pb Free ROHS Pb Free RoHS Exempt or Green ROHS amp no Sb Br please check http Awww ti com productcontent for the latest availability information and additional product content details TBD The Pb Free Green conversion plan has not been defined Pb Free RoHS TI s terms Lead Free or Pb Free mean semiconductor products that are compatible with the current RoHS requirements for all 6 substances including the requirement that lead not exceed 0 1 by weight in homogeneous materials Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures TI Pb F
20. Scheme s Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an Inductive Load With no Input Submit Documentation Feedback 15 TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 TPA2006D1 Modulation Scheme The TPA2006D1 uses a modulation scheme that still has each output switching from O to the supply voltage However OUT and OUT are now in phase with each other with no input The duty cycle of OUT is greater than 50 and OUT is less than 50 for positive voltages The duty cycle of OUT is less than 50 and OUT is greater than 50 for negative voltages The voltage across the load sits at 0 volts throughout most of the switching period greatly reducing the switching current which reduces any I R losses in the load OUT OUT Differential AEN Output 0 V Voltage ov Across Load 5V Current a oe 2 purs s Output gt 0 V Differential 5V Voltage ov Across Load SE bag OO gg gg gg Curent n Figure 28 The TPA2006D1 Output Voltage and Current Waveforms Into an Inductive Load Efficiency Why You Must Use a Filter With the Traditional Class D Modulation Scheme The main reason that the traditional class D amplifier needs an output filter is that the switching waveform results in maximum current flow This causes more loss in the load which causes lower efficiency The ripple current is large for the traditional modulation sc
21. Two Single Ended Inputs Component Location Place all the external components very close to the TPA2006D1 The input resistors need to be very close to the TPA2006D1 input pins so noise does not couple on the high impedance nodes between the input resistors and the input amplifier of the TPA2006D1 Placing the decoupling capacitor Cs close to the TPA2006D1 is important for the efficiency of the class D amplifier Any resistance or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency 14 Submit Documentation Feedback d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 EFFICIENCY AND THERMAL INFORMATION The maximum ambient temperature depends on the heat sinking ability of the PCB system The derating factor for the DRB package is shown in the dissipation rating table Converting this to Oja _ 1 A _ o Da Derating Factor 0 0218 5 0 CM 17 Given Oj of 45 9 C W the maximum allowable junction temperature of 125 C and the maximum internal dissipation of 0 2 W Po 1 45 W 8 Q load 5 V supply from Figure 2 the maximum ambient temperature can be calculated with the following equation TaMax TyMax 9yaPpmax 125 45 9 0 2 115 8 C 18 Equation 18 shows that the calculated maximum ambient temperature is 115 8 C at maximum power dissipation with a 5 V supply and 8 Q a load see Figure 2 The TPA2006D1 is designed with thermal protection that turns the device
22. and or scar the voice coil A 250 kHz switching frequency however is not significant because the speaker cone movement is proportional to 1 f for frequencies beyond the audio band Therefore the amount of cone movement at the switching frequency is very small However damage could occur to the speaker if the voice coil is not designed to handle the additional power To size the speaker for added power the ripple current dissipated in the load needs to be calculated by subtracting the theoretical supplied power Psyp tHEoreETIcaL from the actual supply power Psup at maximum output power Pour The switching power dissipated in the speaker is the inverse of the measured efficiency Nmeasuren Minus the theoretical efficiency NtHEORETICAL Pspxr 7 Psup P sup THEORETICAL t Max output power 19 P P asus SUP EEN ist ek Stee OUT OUT 20 1 1 P P SPKR OUT uee THEORETICAL Popp at max output power 21 R nTHEORETICAL e s at max output power L DS on 22 The maximum efficiency of the TPA2006D1 with a 3 6 V supply and an 8 Q load is 86 from Equation 22 Using equation Equation 21 with the efficiency at maximum power 84 we see that there is an additional 17 mW dissipated in the speaker The added power dissipated in the speaker is not an issue as long as it is taken into account when choosing the speaker Submit Documentation Feedback 17 TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBE
23. at the amplifier outputs a differential voltage on the output that is equal to the differential input times the gain The common mode feedback ensures that the common mode voltage at the output is biased around Vpp 2 regardless of the common mode voltage at the input The fully differential TPA2006D1 can still be used with a single ended input however the TPA2006D1 should be used with differential inputs when in a noisy environment like a wireless handset to ensure maximum noise rejection Advantages of Fully Differential Amplifiers e Input coupling capacitors not required The fully differential amplifier allows the inputs to be biased at voltage other than mid supply For example if a codec has a mid supply lower than the mid supply of the TPA2006D1 the common mode feedback circuit will adjust and the TPA2006D1 outputs will still be biased at mid supply of the TPA2006D1 The inputs of the TPA2006D1 can be biased from 0 5 V to Vpp 0 8 V If the inputs are biased outside of that range input coupling capacitors are required e Mid supply bypass capacitor Cipypags not required The fully differential amplifier does not require a bypass capacitor This is because any shift in the midsupply affects both positive and negative channels equally and cancels at the differential output e Better RF immunity GSM handsets save power by turning on and shutting off the RF transmitter at a rate of 217 Hz The transmitted signal is picked
24. d TEXAS INSTRUMENTS www ti com g TPA2006D1 SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 1 45 W MONO FILTER FREE CLASS D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH 1 8 V COMPATIBLE INPUT THRESHOLDS FEATURES e Maximum Battery Life and Minimum Heat Efficiency With an 8 Q Speaker e 88 at 400 mW e 80 at 100 mW 2 8 mA Quiescent Current 0 5 uA Shutdown Current e Shutdown Pin has 1 8 V Compatible Thresholds e Only Three External Components e Optimized PWM Output Stage Eliminates LC Output Filter e Internally Generated 250 kHz Switching Frequency Eliminates Capacitor and Resistor e Improved PSRR 75 dB and Wide Supply Voltage 2 5 V to 5 5 V Eliminates Need for a Voltage Regulator e Fully Differential Design Reduces RF Rectification and Eliminates Bypass Capacitor e Improved CMRR Eliminates Two Input Coupling Capacitors e Space Saving 3 mm x 3 mm QFN Package DRB APPLICATIONS e ideal for Wireless or Cellular Handsets and PDAs DESCRIPTION The TPA2006D1 is a 1 45 W high efficiency filter free class D audio power amplifier in a 3 mm x 3 mm QFN package that requires only three external components The SHUTDOWN pin is fully compatible with 1 8 V logic GPIO such as are used on low power cellular chipsets Features like 88 efficiency 75 dB PSRR improved RF rectification immunity and very small total PCB footprint make the TPA2006D1 ideal for cellular handsets A fast start up time of 1 ms with minimal pop makes the TPA2006
25. he design uses a differential source that is biased from 0 5 V to Vpp 0 8 V shown in Figure 21 If the input signal is not biased within the recommended common mode input range if needing to use the input as a high pass filter shown in Figure 22 or if using a single ended source shown in Figure 23 input coupling capacitors are required The input capacitors and input resistors form a high pass filter with the corner frequency f determined in Equation 2 a l 2x pi e The value of the input capacitor is important to consider as it directly affects the bass low frequency performance of the circuit Speakers in wireless phones cannot usually respond well to low frequencies so the corner frequency can be set to block low frequencies in this application Equation 3 is reconfigured to solve for the input coupling capacitance eE 1 2m Ry fo ent 3 If the corner frequency is within the audio band the capacitors should have a tolerance of 10 or better because any mismatch in capacitance causes an impedance mismatch at the corner frequency and below For a flat low frequency response use large input coupling capacitors 1 uF However in a GSM phone the ground signal is fluctuating at 217 Hz but the signal from the codec does not have the same 217 Hz fluctuation The difference between the two signals is amplified sent to the speaker and heard as a 217 Hz hum 10 Submit Documentation Feedback d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUM
26. heme because the ripple current is proportional to voltage multiplied by the time at that voltage The differential voltage swing is 2 x Vpp and the time at each voltage is half the period for the traditional modulation scheme An ideal LC filter is needed to store the ripple current from each half cycle for the next half cycle while any resistance causes power dissipation The speaker is both resistive and reactive whereas an LC filter is almost purely reactive The TPA2006D1 modulation scheme has very little loss in the load without a filter because the pulses are very short and the change in voltage is Vpp instead of 2 x Vpp As the output power increases the pulses widen making the ripple current larger Ripple current could be filtered with an LC filter for increased efficiency but for most applications the filter is not needed An LC filter with a cutoff frequency less than the class D switching frequency allows the switching current to flow through the filter instead of the load The filter has less resistance than the speaker that results in less power dissipated which increases efficiency 16 Submit Documentation Feedback d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Effects of Applying a Square Wave Into a Speaker If the amplitude of a square wave is high enough and the frequency of the square wave is within the bandwidth of the speaker a square wave could cause the voice coil to jump out of the air gap
27. in 1 DH 2x150 kQ A i Du y 4 Gain2 O 2x 150 ka 12 Rio V 5 If summing left and right inputs with a gain of 1 V V use Ry Rye 300 KQ Ri Differential a 7 Input 1 Hu To Battery WAH Internal K We Differential Bridge Input 2 Ri2 Aude HUT A GND ES Bias SC L Filter Free Class D Figure 24 Application Schematic With TPA2006D1 Summing Two Differential Inputs Submit Documentation Feedback d Texas TPA2006D1 INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Summing a Differential Input Signal and a Single Ended Input Signal Figure 25 shows how to sum a differential input signal and a single ended input signal Ground noise can couple in through IN with this method It is better to use differential inputs The corner frequency of the single ended input is set by Ca shown in Equation 8 To assure that each input is balanced the single ended input must be driven by a low impedance source even if the input is not in use V Gain 1 O 2x150 ku E I1 Riy x V Gain2 e 2x 150 kQ A 12 12 7 1 Cis 12 27 Rip fo2 8 If summing a ring tone and a phone signal the phone signal should use a differential input signal while the ring tone might be limited to a single ended signal The high pass corner frequency of the single ended input is set by Ca If the desired corner frequency is less than 20 Hz
28. ircuit IC For information on the Quad Flatpack No Lead QFN package and its advantages refer to Application Report Quad Flatpack No Lead Logic Packages Texas Instruments Literature No SCBAO17 This document is available at www ti com T he exposed thermal pad dimensions for this package are shown in the following illustration Bottom View NOTE All linear dimensions are in millimeters Exposed Thermal Pad Dimensions 4206340 2 F 03 08 LAND PATTERN DRB S VSON N8 Example Board Layout Example Stencil Design 0 125mm Stencil Thickness Note E 65 0 3 Se A a E E od R0 15 7 e 285 m Ste Poot O 2 95 13 0 65 2 9 a 5 0 25 f 1 gie 09 La gt H i i i ila d C o gi i S V 66 Printed Solder Coverage by Area Non Solder Mask Defined Pad Center Pad Layout Note D U 3 ta r 9xXQ A Example Solder Mask Opening Er Me i Note F SE U O Pad Geometry i ST Note C Q O Leg 12 OTES A All linear dimensions are in millimeters B This drawing is subject to change without notice C Publication I
29. off when the junction temperature surpasses 150 C to prevent damage to the IC ELIMINATING THE OUTPUT FILTER WITH THE TPA2006D1 This section focuses on why the user can eliminate the output filter with the TPA2006D1 Effect on Audio The class D amplifier outputs a pulse width modulated PWM square wave which is the sum of the switching waveform and the amplified input audio signal The human ear acts as a band pass filter such that only the frequencies between approximately 20 Hz and 20 kHz are passed The switching frequency components are much greater than 20 kHz so the only signal heard is the amplified input audio signal Traditional Class D Modulation Scheme The traditional class D modulation scheme which is used in the TPA005Dxx family has a differential output where each output is 180 degrees out of phase and changes from ground to the supply voltage Vpp Therefore the differential pre filtered output varies between positive and negative Vpp where filtered 50 duty cycle yields 0 volts across the load The traditional class D modulation scheme with voltage and current waveforms is shown in Figure 27 Note that even at an average of 0 volts across the load 50 duty cycle the current to the load is high causing a high loss and thus causing a high supply current OUT 5V Differential Voltage Across Load BS 5V Current A Eo ga ES Figure 27 Traditional Class D Modulation
30. ree products are suitable for use in specified lead free processes Pb Free ROHS Exempt This component has a RoHS exemption for either 1 lead based flip chip solder bumps used between the die and package or 2 lead based die adhesive used between the die and leadframe The component is otherwise considered Pb Free RoHS compatible as defined above Green RoHS amp no Sb Br TI defines Green to mean Pb Free ROHS compatible and free of Bromine Br and Antimony Sb based flame retardants Br or Sb do not exceed 0 1 by weight in homogeneous material 3 MSL Peak Temp The Moisture Sensitivity Level rating according to the JEDEC industry standard classifications and peak solder temperature Important Information and Disclaimer The information provided on this page represents TI s knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided Tl bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties TI has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals TI and TI suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release In no event shall TI s
31. signated by TI as military grade or enhanced plastic Only products designated by TI as military grade meet military specifications Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military grade is solely at the Buyer s risk and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO TS 16949 requirements Buyers acknowledge and agree that if they use any non designated products in automotive applications TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions Products Applications Amplifiers amplifier ti com Audio www ti com audio Data Converters dataconverter ti com Automotive www ti com automotive DSP dsp ti com Broadband www ti com broadband Clocks and Timers www ti com clocks Digital Control www ti com digitalcontrol Interface interface ti com Medical www ti com medical Logic logic ti com Military www ti com military Power Mgmt power ti com Optical Networking www ti com opticalnetwork Microcontrollers microcontroller ti com Security www ti com security RFID www ti rfid com Telephony www ti com telephony RF IF and ZigBee Solutions
32. up on input and output traces The fully differential amplifier cancels the signal much better than the typical audio amplifier COMPONENT SELECTION Figure 21 shows the TPA2006D1 typical schematic with differential inputs and Figure 22 shows the TPA2006D1 with differential inputs and input capacitors and Figure 23 shows the TPA2006D1 with single ended inputs Differential inputs should be used whenever possible because the single ended inputs are much more susceptible to noise Table 1 Typical Component Values REF DES VALUE EIA SIZE MANUFACTURER PART NUMBER Di 150 KQ 40 5 0402 Panasonic ERJ2RHD154V Cs 1 uF 22 80 0402 Murata GRP155F50J105Z ew 3 3 nF 410 0201 Murata GRP033B10J332K 1 Ciis only needed for single ended input or if Vicm is not between 0 5 V and Vpp 0 8 V C 3 3 nF with D 150 kQ gives a high pass corner frequency of 321 Hz Submit Documentation Feedback 9 TPA2006D1 d Texas INSTRUMENTS www ti com SLOS498 SEPTEMBER 2006 Input Resistors Ru The input resistors R set the gain of the amplifier according to Equation 1 2 x 150 kQ D R Gain 1 Resistor matching is very important in fully differential amplifiers The balance of the output on the reference voltage depends on matched ratios of the resistors CMRR PSRR and cancellation of the second harmonic distortion diminish if resistor mismatch occurs Therefore it is recommended to use
33. urrent package and ordering information see the Package Option Addendum at the end of this document or see the TI Web site at www ti com ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS over operating free air temperature range unless otherwise noted TPA2006D1 Vop S pply voli ge In active mode 0 3 V to 6 V In SHUTDOWN mode 0 3Vto7V Vi Input voltage 0 3 V to Vpp 0 3 V Continuous total power dissipation See Dissipation Rating Table Ta Operating free air temperature 40 C to 85 C Ty Operating junction temperature 40 C to 125 C Tag Storage temperature 65 C to 150 C 1 Stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device These are stress ratings only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under recommended operating conditions is not implied Exposure to absolute maximum rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS MIN NOM MAX UNIT Von Supply voltage 2 5 5 5 V Vu High level input voltage SHUTDOWN 1 3 Von V Vu Low level input voltage SHUTDOWN 0 0 35 V RI Input resistor Gain lt 20 V V 26 dB 15 kQ Vic Common mode input voltage range Vpp 2 5 V 5 5 V CMRR lt 49 dB 0 5 Vpp 0 8 V Ta Operating free air temperature 40 85 C PACKAGE DISSIPATION RATINGS T lt 25 C T 70 C T
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TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TPA2006D1 1.45 W MONO FILTER FREE CLASS D AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER WITH 1.8 V COMPATI